国外新型药剂应用于滇池藻类污染治理的研究

滇池水藻类含量很高,现已属重富营养化水体。本实验选用国外一种新型除藻剂一去藻247来研究治理滇池水藻类污染,通过投加三个不同浓度的除藻剂,检测得出叶绿素α和总磷都有较好的去除效果,Cu^2＋的残留浓度也没有超标,其中当叶绿素的含量为1000mg/L时,除藻剂的最佳投加量为10mg／L。并用线性回归方程对滇池水体中叶绿素α和总磷的相关性进行了拟合。     

一种新型消毒剂的杀藻研究

由藻类过量繁殖引发的富营养化所造成的危害越来越严重并日益受到关注，采用钠法工艺生产的次氯酸钙是一种无残毒，不产生二次污染的高效广谱灭菌药物，对该药物的杀灌效率进行了生物测试的结果表明，它能有效地杀灭引发水华的绿藻，蓝藻和硅藻，≥62.5ppm（有效氯含量，下同）曝露96h，4种被试藻类的死亡率可达92％－100％，高浓度（500ppm)条件下，绿藻，蓝藻和藻分别在几分钟和1h内全部死亡，≤1p pm的浓度对4种被试藻类基本上不造成严重伤害。     

微电解杀藻研究

研究表明，用杀藻器进行微电解杀灭湖泊中藻类的效果显著，当进水流量１ｍ＾３／ｈ，电流密度为８．９－１１．８ｍＡ／ｃｍ６２以及当进水流量０．５ｍ＾３／ｈ，电流密度在５．９－８．９ｍＡ＝ｃｍ＾２时，杀藻效果均极好，明显破坏藻类细胞中叶绿体的结构，使藻类的光合使用明显减弱。     

去藻247对滇池水除藻效果的研究

采用去藻247处理滇池草海出口处水样进行试验,结果表明,在大比例投加药剂时,去藻247在0～20mg/L这一范围内的除藻效果较好,且随着投加量的增加,其去除效果越好;在精确投加时,当投加量为20 mg/L时,其去除效果最佳.其中叶绿素、TP的平均去除率达到27.0%和25.3%,对TN也有一定的去除.使用去藻247后,通过测定铜离子残留浓度可知,水样中铜离子的残留浓度在10天之内就迅速降低,且远低于国家饮用水标准中铜离子的允许值1.0mg/L,因此该药剂对水体无二次污染,去藻247是一种具有进一步研究价值的除藻剂.     

Critical review of actually available chemical compounds for prevention and management of cyanobacterial blooms

Cyanobacteria proliferation is among the most threatening consequences of freshwater pollution. Health risks from human and other-organism exposure to cyanobacteria have led to an effort to find practical methods for cyanobacterial water-bloom reduction. Hence, methods and techniques have been developed in order to reduce the amount of phosphorus or to decrease the abundance of nuisance phytoplankton species directly in the water bodies (in-lake measures). Although these “acute” methods do not solve the problem of catchment area eutrophication, they are cheaper, easier to manage, and for some areas they are the only way to protect human and environmental health against massive cyanobacterial proliferation. This review summarizes the extent of knowledge and published data about the management using metals (Al, Fe, Cu, Ag, Ca), photosensitizers (hydrogen peroxide, phthalocyanines, TiO₂), herbicides and chemicals derived from natural compounds as fast and efficient removal agents of cyanobacteria. This review concludes that some compounds, when non-persistent and ecotoxicologically acceptable may help to manage cyanobacterial blooms in an efficient way compared to previous methods (e.g. copper sulfate).     

除藻剂应急治理玄武湖蓝藻水华实验研究

湖泊富营养化是中国目前及今后相当长一段时期内的重大水环境问题,研究蓝藻水华治理的关键技术具有重要的生态和环境意义.2005年9月在南京玄武湖开展了化学除藻剂治理蓝藻水华的实验研究,除藻剂平均用量为26.87 g/m2,治理后实验区藻类总量下降了82.8%;水体各项理化指标得到一定改善,但停止洒药后部分指标回升;浮游动物未出现显著变化.实验结果表明,除藻剂可能在短时间内除抑蓝藻,但不能从根本上解决湖泊富营养化问题.     

Diquat associated with copper sources for algae control: Efficacy and ecotoxicology

The aims of this research were to evaluate the efficacy of copper oxychloride (CuCl₂.3Cu(OH)₂), copper hydroxide (Cu(OH)₂) and diquat (1.1′-ethylene-2.2′-bipyridyldiylium dibromide), isolated and in association with 0.1% of both copper sources, in the control of the unicellular algae Ankistrodesmus gracilis and the filamentous algae Pithophora kewesis, and to determine the acute toxicity of the tested chemicals in Hyphressobrycon eques, Pomacea canaliculata, Lemna minor and Azolla caroliniana. The efficacy was estimated by the methods of chlorophyll a and pheophytin a readings, changed into growth inhibition percentage. Both algae were exposed to the following concentrations: 0.2; 0.4; 0.8; 1.2 mg L^?1 of diquat and its association with the copper sources; and 0.1; 0.3; 0.5; 0.7; 1.0 and 1.5 mg L^?1 in the isolated applications of copper hydroxide and copper oxychloride. An untreated control was kept. The acute toxicity was estimatedby 50% lethal concentration (LC50). The copper sources were effective for A. gracilis control, at rates as high as 0.1 mg L^?1 (>95% efficacy). Isolated diquat and its association with copper hydroxide were both effective at rates as high as 0.4 mg L^?1, with 95 and 88% control efficacy, respectively. The copper oxychloride was effective at 0.2 mg L^?1, with 93% efficacy. None of the tested chemicals and associations was effective on P. kewesis control. The most sensitive non target organism to the tested chemicals was L. minor; the less sensitive was H. eques.     

"去藻247"在除藻过程中对水体中氮磷的影响

随着目前水体藻类富营养化日益严重,国内外针对藻类的去除技术可分为物理、化学、生物法.实验采用国外引进的"去藻247"作为除藻剂,通过对滇池藻类去除效果进行试验和分析,研究"去藻247"中生物Cu2 通过改变水体中氮磷比例以及氮磷浓度的变化,以达到除藻的目的.结果表明,降低TP的浓度更易加大藻类的去除率,并且,其去除率随着藻类厚度(3～15 mm)的增加而提高,说明了"去藻247"具有一定的生物稳定性.